International Smoking Statistics
Citations

The following is a list of published papers that have cited International Smoking Statistics

If you publish a work or know of other works that have cited this report, please send us the bibliographical details

Last Updated 19 December 2016.

 

Adair T, Hoy D, Dettrick Z, Lopez AD. Reconstruction of long-term tobacco consumption trends in Australia and their relationship to lung cancer mortality. Cancer Causes Control 2011;22:1047-53.

Adair T, Hoy D, Dettrick Z, Lopez AD. 100 years of mortality due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Australia: the role of tobacco consumption. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2012;16:1699-705. http://docstore.ingenta.com/cgi-bin/ds_deliver/1/u/d/ISIS/74890726.1/iuatld/ijtld/2012/00000016/00000012/art00025/1D15176F4C6096421374066477D323CC37E5213825.pdf?link=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/error/delivery&format=pdf

Ali SM, Chaix B, Merlo J, Rosvall M, Wamala S, Lindström M.  Gender differences in daily smoking prevalence in different age strata: a population-based study in southern Sweden.  Scand J Public Health 2009;37:146-52.

Ando M, Wakai K, Seki N, Tamakoshi A, Suzuki K, Ito Y, et al.  Attributable and absolute risk of lung cancer death by smoking status: findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.  Int J Cancer 2003;105:249-54.

Asahi S, Uehara R, Watanabe M, Tajimi M, Oki I, Ojima T, et al.  Respiratory symptoms correlating to smoking prevalence: the National Nutrition Survey and the National Life-style Survey in Japan.  J Epidemiol 2003;13:226-31.

Auluck A. Epidemiological shifts and risk behaviours for oral and oropharyngeal cancers in multicultural population of British Columbia, Canada [Thesis]. Vancouver: University of British Columbia; 2012. https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/41390/ubc_2012_spring_auluck_ajit.pdf?sequence=1

Barclay K, Myrskylä M. Maternal age and offspring health and health behaviours in late adolescence in Sweden. SSM - Population Health 2016;2:68-76. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827316000197

Boardman JD, Blalock CL, Pampel FC.  Trends in the genetic influences on smoking.  J Health Soc Behav 2010;51:108-23. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158572/pdf/nihms316009.pdf

Bobak M, Gilmore A, McKee M, Rose R, Marmot M.  Changes in smoking prevalence in Russia, 1996-2004.  Tob Control 2006;15:131-5.

Boffetta P, Burstyn I, Partanen T, Kromhout H, Svane O, Langård S, et al.  Cancer mortality among European asphalt workers: an international epidemiological study. II. Exposure to bitumen fume and other agents.  Am J Ind Med 2003;43:28-39.

Boffetta P, Burstyn I, Partanen T, Kromhout H, Svane O, Langård S, et al. IARC epidemiological study of cancer mortality among European asphalt workers, IARC Internal Report No. 01/003. Lyon: IARC; 2001.  http://www.eurobitume.be/Html/Iarcreport.pdf

Boffetta P, Järvholm B, Brennan P, Nyrén O.  Incidence of lung cancer in a large cohort of non-smoking men from Sweden.  Int J Cancer 2001;94:591-3.

Boffetta P, Kreuzer M, Benhamou S, Agudo A, Wichmann HE, Gaborieau V, et al.  Risk of lung cancer from tobacco smoking among young women from Europe [Letter].  Int J Cancer 2001;91:745-6.

Boffetta P, Pershagen G, Jöckel K-H, Forastiere F, Gaborieau V, Heinrich J, et al.  Cigar and pipe smoking and lung cancer risk: a multicenter study from Europe.  J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:697-701.

Boffetta P, Soutar A, Cherrie JW, Granath F, Andersen A, Anttila A, et al.  Mortality among workers employed in the titanium dioxide production industry in Europe.  Cancer Causes Control 2004;15:697-706.

Bondy SJ, Victor JC, Diemert LM.  Origin and use of the 100 cigarette criterion in tobacco surveys.  Tob Control 2009;18:317-23. http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/18/4/317.full.pdf

Bongaarts J.  Trends in causes of death in low-mortality countries: implications for mortality projections.  Popul Dev Rev 2014;40:189-2122.

Boyle P, Autier P, Bartelink H, Baselga J, Boffetta P, Burn J, et al.  European code against cancer and scientific justification: third version (2003).  Ann Oncol 2003;14:973-1005. http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/14/7/973

Bray F, Tyczynski JE, Parkin DM.  Going up or coming down? The changing phases of the lung cancer epidemic from 1967 to 1999 in the 15 European Union countries.  Eur J Cancer 2004;40:96-125.

Britton J.  Tobacco: the epidemic we could all avoid.  Thorax 1997;52:1022. http://thorax.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/52/12/1021

Burstyn I, Boffetta P, Heederik D, Partanen T, Kromhout H, Svane O, et al.  Mortality from obstructive lung diseases and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons among asphalt workers.  Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:468-78.

Cabrera MJA.  Factores de Riesgo y asociacion con enfermedad cerebrovascular trombotica.  Neurologia 2007; http://www.portalesmedicos.com/publicaciones/articles/434/4/Factores-de-Riesgo-y-asociacion-con-Enfermedad-Cerebrovascular-Trombotica

Calabria B, Degenhardt L, Nelson P, Bucello C, Roberts A, Lynskey M, et al. What do we know about the extent of cannabis use and dependence? Results of a global systematic review, Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney; 2010. Technical Report Number 207.  http://notes.med.unsw.edu.au/NDARCWeb.nsf/resources/TR303-307/$file/TR+307.pdf

Cassidy A, Field JK. Environmental and genetic risk factors of lung cancer. In: Taktak AFG, Fisher AC, editors. Outcome and prediction in cancer. Netherlands: Elsevier, 67-100.  http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=5KN6bEAfm7sC&oi=fnd&pg=PA67&ots=i0dpk2h-bU&sig=zeX0HnK_x2Ein8iY_mWEd0SGvjY#v=onepage&q&f=true

Christopoulou R. Smoking in the United Kingdom. In: Lillard DR, Christopoulou R, eds. Life-course smoking behavior: Patterns and national context in ten countries. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press; 2015. p. 43-56.

Corsi DJ, Boyle MH, Lear SA, Chow CK, Teo KK, Subramanian SV. Trends in smoking in Canada from 1950 to 2011: progression of the tobacco epidemic according to socioeconomic status and geography. Cancer Causes Control 2014;25(1):45-57.

Crimmins EM, Preston SH, Cohen B, editors. International differences in mortality at older ages. Dimensions and sources. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2010.

Crispo A, Barba M, Malvezzi M, Arpino G, Grimaldi M, Rosso T, et al.  Cancer mortality trends between 1988 and 2009 in the metropolitan area of Naples and Caserta, Southern Italy: Results from a joinpoint regression analysis.  Cancer BiolTher 2013;14:1113-22.

Crispo A, Brennan P, Jöckel K-H, Schaffrath-Rosario A, Wichmann H-E, Nyberg F, et al.  The cumulative risk of lung cancer among current, ex- and never-smokers in European men.  Br J Cancer 2004;91:1280-6.

Darby SC.  Tobacco—the importance of relevant information on risk.  Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 2003, June;166:225.

de Jong WK, Schaapveld M, Blaauwgeers JLG, Groen HJ.  Pulmonary tumors in the Netherlands: focus on temporal trends in histology and stage and on rare tumours.  Thorax 2008; epub ahead of print

Deaton A. Health in an age of globalization. In: Brookings Trade Forum. Brookings Institution Press, 2004;83-130.

Degenhardt L, Chiu W-T, Sampson N, Kessler RC, Anthony JC, Angermeyer M, et al.  Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys.  PLoS Med 2008;5:1053-67. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2443200&blobtype=pdf

Devesa SS, Bray F, Vizcaino AP, Parkin DM.  International lung cancer trends by histologic type: male:female differences diminishing and adenocarcinoma rates rising.  Int J Cancer 2005;117:294-9.

Diergaarde B, Vrieling A, van Kraats AA, van Muijen GNP, Kok FJ, Kampman E.  Cigarette smoking and genetic alterations in sporadic colon carcinomas.  Carcinogenesis 2003;24:565-71. http://carcin.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/24/3/565

Doll R.  Chronic and degenerative disease: major causes of morbidity and death.  Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62(Suppl 6):1301S-5S.

Doll R.  Uncovering the effects of smoking: historical perspective.  Stat Methods Med Res 1998;7:87-117.

Doll R.  Tobacco: A medical history.  Journal of Urban Health 1999;76:289-313.

Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I.  Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observations on male British doctors.  BMJ 2004;328:1519-28.

Donato-Hunt C, Munot S, Copeland J, Black M, Chambers K, Cooper-Stanbury M, et al. Alcohol and other drug use, attitudes and knowledge amongst the Italian community in Sydney, Report 3/6. Sydney: The Drug and Alcohol Multicultural Education Centre; 2008. http://www.damec.org.au/files/Italian%20full%20report%20%28no%20appendices%29.pdf

Duggan JM, Duggan AE.  The possible causes of the pandemic of peptic ulcer in the late 19th and early 20th century.  Med J Aust 2006;185:667-9. http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/185_11_041206/dug10992_fm.pdf

Ezzati M, Lopez AD. Smoking and oral tobacco use. In: Ezzati M, Lopez A, Rodgers A, Murray CJL, editors. Comparative quantification of health risks : global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva: World Health Organization, 883-957.  http://www.who.int/publications/cra/chapters/volume1/0883-0958.pdf

Ezzati M, Lopez AD.  Measuring the accumulated hazards of smoking: global and regional estimates for 2000.  Tob Control 2003;12:79-85.

Fairbairn SEA.  Lung stem cells as a possible origin of cancer.  Thorax 2005;60:858. http://thorax.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/60/10/858

Feenstra TL, van Gunugten MLL, Hoogenveen RT, Wouters EF, Rutten-van Mölken MPMH.  The impact of aging and smoking on the future burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:590-6. http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ehpm/9/4/152/_pdf

Fenelon A, Blue L. Widening life expectancy advantage of Hispanics in the United States: 1990-2010. J Immigr Minor Health 2015;17(4):1130-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4409572/

Fenelon A.  Geographic Divergence in Mortality in the United States.  Popul Dev Rev 2013;39:611-34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4109895/pdf/nihms571406.pdf

Fernández E, Schiaffino A, Borrás JM.  Epidemiología del tabaquismo en Europa. (Epidemiology of smoking in Europe).  Salud Publica Mex 2002;44(Suppl 1):S11-S19.

Flieder DB, Hammar SP. Common non-small-cell carcinomas and their variants. In: Tomashefksi JF, Jr., Cagle PT, Farver CF, Fraire AE, editors. Dail and Hammar's pulmonary pathology: Volume II. Neoplastic lung disease. New York: Springer, 2008;216-307.  http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=T1iqnTMPx9oC&oi=fnd&pg=PA216&ots=fJHYSUliu_&sig=IB_hn3gh50rrp-ZGN_78BLOn5M0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Foltys C. Untersuchung zum rauchverhalten und zu prädiktoren des tabakkonsums von schülern im Thüringer großstadtraum [Thesis]. Freidrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; 2008. http://www.toxcenter.de/artikel/Rauchen-Jugendlicher-Epidemiolologie-Diss.pdf

Forey BA, Lee PN.  New edition of International Smoking Statistics [Letter].  Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:471-2. http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/36/2/471

Forey BA, Thornton AJ, Lee PN.  Systematic review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological evidence relating smoking to COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.  BMC Pulm Med 2011;11:36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128042/pdf/1471-2466-11-36.pdf

Franceschi S, Bidoli E.  The epidemiology of lung cancer.  Ann Oncol 1999;10(Suppl 5):3-6.

Franceschi S, Naett C.  Trends in smoking in Europe.  Eur J Cancer Prev 1995;4:271-84.

Frenk H, Dar R. A critique of nicotine addiction, Neurobiological Foundation of Aberrant Behaviors, Volume 2. Springer; 2000.

Fry JS, Lee PN.  Revisiting the association between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer risk. II. Adjustment for the potential confounding effects of fruit, vegetables, dietary fat and education.  Indoor Built Environ 2001;10:20-39.

Funatogawa I, Funatogawa T, Yano E.  Impacts of early smoking initiation: long-term trends of lung cancer mortality and smoking initiation from repeated cross-sectional surveys in Great Britain.  BMJ Open 2012;2: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/2/5/e001676.full.pdf+html?sid=bc2a7cc4-7307-4da5-b70c-0e60f8b761a3

Funatogawa I, Funatogawa T, Yano E.  Trends in smoking and lung cancer mortality in Japan, by birth cohort, 1949-2010.  Bull World Health Organ 2013;91:332-40. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3646352/pdf/BLT.12.108092.pdf

Gajalakshmi CK, Jha P, Ranson K, Nguyen S. Global patterns of smoking and smoking-attributable mortality. In: Jha P, Chaloupka F, editors. Tobacco control in developing countries. OUP for World Bank and World Health Organization, 2000;  http://www1.worldbank.org/tobacco/tcdc.asp

Garavello W, Bertuccio P, Levi F, Lucchini F, Bosetti C, Malvezzi M, et al.  The oral cancer epidemic in central and eastern Europe.  Int J Cancer 2010;127:160-71. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ijc.25019/pdf

Gersten O, Wilmoth JR.  The cancer transition in Japan since 1951.  Demographic Research 2002;7:271-30638. http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol7/5/7-5.pdf

Gilbert G. Smoke: craving history. In: Heath S, MacCabe C, Riley D, editors. Before modernism was: modern history and the constituency of writing. Hampshire. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004;  http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Ex-sFhgM4F0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA135&ots=beHTPQaE9I&sig=SdjDBxn2-kFncKljPRo3QoKpRXs#v=onepage&q&f=false

Gilmore A, Pomerleau J, McKee M, Rose R, Haerpfer CW, Rotman D, et al.  Prevalence of smoking in 8 countries of the former Soviet Union: results from the living conditions, lifestyles and health study.  Am J Public Health 2004;94:2177-87.

Gilmore AB, McKee M.  Tobacco and transition: an overview of industry investments, impact and influence in the former Soviet Union.  Tob Control 2004;13:136-42. http://tc.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/13/2/136

Gilmore AB, McKee M.  Exploring the impact of foreign direct investment on tobacco consumption in the former Soviet Union.  Tob Control 2005;14:13-21. http://tc.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/14/1/13

Gilmore AB, Osterberg E, Heloma A, Zatonski W, Delcheva E, McKee M. Free trade versus the protection of health: The examples of alcohol and tobacco. In: McKee M, MacLehose L, Nolte E, editors. Health policy and European Union enlargement. England, New York: Open University Press, 2004;198-224. (European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies Series.)  http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.138.6535&rep=rep1&type=pdf#page=213

Gilmore ABC. Tobacco and transition: understanding the impact of transition on tobacco use and control in the former Soviet Union. San Francisco: Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education; 2005. (Reports on Industry Activity from Outside UCSF.)  http://escholarship.org/uc/item/3rw2c04c

Goerdel H. The policital economy of tobacco control in the European Union. Presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, April 3-6, 2003. 2003;

Goffette C. Contextualizing smoking: the influence of household factors on smoking habits. In:  EQUALSOC Summer School, Trento, 31 Aug - 6th Sep 2008. 2008;1-15. http://www.equalsoc.org/uploaded_files/publications/Goffette.pdf

Graham H.  Smoking prevalence among women in the European Community 1950-1990.  Soc Sci Med 1996;43:243-54.

Graham H, Der G.  Patterns and predictors of tobacco consumption among women.  Health Educ Res 1999;14:611-8.

Graham H, Inskip HM, Francis B, Harman J.  Pathways of disadvantage and smoking careers: evidence and policy implications.  J Epidemiol Community Health 2006;60(Supp II):ii7-ii12. http://jech.bmj.com/cgi/reprint/60/suppl_2/ii7

Hagemeister T. Rauchverhalten und einstellung zum rauchen von zahnarztlichem (Smoke behaviour and attitude to smoking among dental personnel) [Thesis]. Medizinischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena;  http://www.db-thueringen.de/servlets/DerivateServlet/Derivate-13660/Hagemeister/Dissertation.pdf

Halpin MG.  Preventing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Expert Rev Resp Med 2009;3:449-52. http://www.expert-reviews.com/doi/pdf/10.1586/ers.09.40

Harris JE, Thun MJ, Mondul AM, Calle EE.  Cigarette tar yields in relation to mortality from lung cancer in the cancer prevention study II prospective cohort, 1982-8.  BMJ 2004;328:72-6. Full version available at http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/reprint/328/7431/72

Hemminki K, Xinjun L.  Level of education and the risk of cancer in Sweden.  Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2003;12:796-802. http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/reprint/12/8/796

Hemminki K, Zhang H, Czene K.  Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden.  Int J Cancer 2003;105:692-700.

Hermalin AI, Lowry D. The age prevalence of smoking among Chinese women: a case of arrested diffusion?, Population studies center research report 10-718. Population Studies Center, University of Michigan Institute for Social Research; 2010. http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/pdf/rr10-718.pdf

Hermalin AI, Lowry DS. The decline of smoking among female birth cohorts in China in the 20th century: a case of arrested diffusion? Popul Res Policy Rev 2012;31:545-70.

Hill C, Laplanche A.  Évolution de la consommation de cigarettes en France par sexe, 1900-2003.  B E H 2005;94-7. http://mvst.free.fr/InVSBEH2005.pdf

Hill C, Laplanche A. Le tabac en France: les vrais chiffres. Paris: La Documentation française; 2003.  http://www.igr.fr/doc/cancer/pdf/prevention/tabacvraichiffres.pdf

Hill C, Laplanche A.  Tabagisme et mortalité: aspects épidémiologiques.  Journée mondiale sans tabac 2003;98-100. http://www.tabac-info.net/NAVBAR/ACCUEIL/beh_22_23_2003.pdf#page=2

Hill C.  Trends in tobacco smoking and consequences on health in France.  Prev Med 1998;27:514-9.

Ho JY, Preston SH. US mortality in an international context: age variations,  PSC 09-04. Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania; 2009. (PSC Working Paper Series 09-04) http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=psc_working_papers

Horiuchi S, Wilmoth JR.  Deceleration in the age pattern of mortality at older ages.  Demography 1998;35:391-412. http://demog.berkeley.edu/~jrw/Eprints/horiuchi.wilmoth.1998.Decel1.c1.pdf

Hussain M. The role of family in adolescent smoking [Thesis]. Bradford (UK): University of Bradford; 2012.

International Agency for Research on Cancer. Smokeless tobacco and some tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines, Volume 89. Lyon, France: IARC; 2007. (IARC Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans.)  http://monographs.iarc.fr/index.php

Iwasaki M, Akechi T, Uchitomi Y, Tsugane S.  Cigarette smoking and completed suicide among middle-aged men: a population-based cohort study in Japan.  Ann Epidemiol 2005;15:286-92.

Janssen F, Mackenbach JP, Kunst AE.  Trends in old-age mortality in seven European countries, 1950-1999.  J Clin Epidemiol 2004;57:203-16.

Jarvis MJ.  Trends in sales weighted tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of UK cigarettes.  Thorax 2001;56:960-3.

Jha P.  Avoidable global cancer deaths and total deaths from smoking.Nat Rev Cancer 2009;9:655-64.

Jha P.  Death and taxes:epidemiological and economic evidence on smoking.  Global Heart 2012;7:139-42.

Jha P, Peto R.  Global effects of smoking, of quitting, and of taxing tobacco.  N Engl J Med 2014;370:60-8. http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMra1308383;http://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMra1308383/suppl_file/nejmra1308383_appendix.pdf;http://www.nejm.org/doi/suppl/10.1056/NEJMra1308383/suppl_file/nejmra1308383_disclosures.pdf

Jha P, Ranson MK, Nguyen SN, Yach D.  Estimates of global and regional smoking prevalence in 1995, by age and sex.  Am J Public Health 2002;92:1002-6.

Kabir Z, Connolly GN, Clancy L.  Recent lung cancer patterns in younger age-cohorts in Ireland.  The Ulster Medical Journal 2007;76:83-7. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2001146&blobtype=pdf

Kabir Z, Connolly GN, Clancy L.  Sex-differences in lung cancer cell-types? An epidemiologic study in Ireland.  The Ulster Medical Journal 2008;77:31-5. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2397001&blobtype=pdf

Kawakami N, Takasuka N, Shimizu H, Takai A.  Life-time prevelance and risk factors of tobacco/nicotine dependence in male ever-smokers in Japan.  Addiction 1998;93:1023-32.

Kesteloot H.  Differential evolution of mortality between Denmark and Scotland, period 1970 to 1999. A comparison with mortality data from the European Union.  Eur J Epidemiol 2006;21:3-13.

Kim SW, Lee JM, Ban WH, Park CK, Yoon HK, Lee SH. Smoking habits and nicotine dependence of North Korean male defectors. Korean J Intern Med 2016 Mar 8;31(4):685-93. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4939500/pdf/kjim-2015-114.pdf

King G, Grizeau D, Bendel R, Dressen C, Delaronde SR.  Smoking behavior among French and American women.  Prev Med 1998;27:520-9.

Kjaerheim K, Boffetta P, Hansen J, Cherrie J, Chang-Claude J, Eilber U, et al.  Lung cancer among rock and slag wool production workers.  Epidemiology 2002;13:445-53.

Kolly S, Besson J, Cornuz J, Zullino DF.  Stage of change of cigarette smoking in drug dependent patients.  Swiss Med Wkly 2004;134:322-5. http://www.smw.ch/docs/pdf200x/2004/21/smw-10431.pdf

Kreuzer M, Boffetta P, Whitley E, Ahrens W, Gaborieau V, Heinrich J, et al.  Gender differences in lung cancer risk by smoking: a multicentre case-control study in Germany and Italy.  Br J Cancer 2000;82:227-33. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2363175/pdf/82-6690904a.pdf

Kuper H, Adami H-O, Boffetta P.  Tobacco use, cancer causation and public health impact.  J Intern Med 2002;251:455-66.

Law M, Wald N.  Why heart disease mortality is low in France: the time lag explanation.  BMJ 1999;318:1471-80.

Lawlor DA.  A comparison of the association between socioeconomic position and cardiovascular disease risk factors in three age cohorts of Australian women: findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.  Journal of Public Health 27:378-87.

Lawlor DA.  A book and website all IJE readers should know about [Book review].  Int J Epidemiol 2004;33:433-4.Read the review

Lawlor DA, Ebrahim S, Davey-Smith G.  Association of birth weight with adult lung function: findings from the British Women's Heart and Health Study and a meta-analysis.  Thorax 2005;60:851-8.

Lawlor DA, O'Callaghan MJ, Mamun AA, Williams GM, Bor W, Najman JM.  Early life predictors of adolescent smoking: findings from the Mater-University study of pregnancy and its outcomes.  Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2005;19:377-87.

Lee PN. Appropriate and inappropriate methods for investigating the "gateway" hypothesis, with a review of the evidence linking prior snus use to later cigarette smoking. Harm Reduct J 2015;12:8. http://www.harmreductionjournal.com/content/pdf/s12954-015-0040-7.pdf

Lee PN.  Lung cancer and type of cigarette smoked.  Inhal Toxicol 2001;13:951-76.

Lee PN.  Circulatory disease and smokeless tobacco in Western populations: a review of the evidence.  Int J Epidemiol 2007;36:789-804. http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/dym039?ijkey=nZAJPzkQptFrLNG&keytype=ref

Lee PN.  Summary of the epidemiological evidence relating snus to health.  Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011;59:197-214.

Lee PN, Forey BA.  Why are lung cancer rate trends so different in the United States and United Kingdom?  Inhal Toxicol 2003;15:909-49.

Lee PN, Forey BA.  Do reductions in the tar and nicotine yields of cigarettes help to explain recent reductions in lung cancer rates in young men and women in the United States?  Inhal Toxicol 2006;18:365-8.

Lee PN, Forey BA, Fry JS, Hamling JS, Hamling JF, Sanders EB, et al.  Does use of flue-cured rather than blended cigarettes affect international variation in mortality from lung cancer and COPD?  Inhal Toxicol 2009;21:404-30. Supplementary material available at www.pnlee.co.uk/Reports.htm [Download LEE2008L]

Lee PN, Fry JS. Reassessing the evidence relating smoking bans to heart disease. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011;61:318-31.

Lee PN, Sanders E.  Does increased cigarette consumption nullify any reduction in lung cancer risk associated with low-tar filter cigarettes?  Inhal Toxicol 2004;16:817-33.

Levi F, Bosetti C, Fernandez E, Hill C, Lucchini F, Negri E, et al.  Trends in lung cancer among young European women: the rising epidemic in France and Spain.  Int J Cancer 2007;121:462-5.

Levi F, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C, Randimbison L, Te V-C.  Lung carcinoma trends by histologic type in Vaud and Neuchâtel, Switzerland, 1974-1994.  Cancer 1997;79:906-14.

Levine RV, Norenzayan A.  The pace of life in 31 countries.  Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 1999;30:178-205.

Li X. Familial risks for cancer with reference to lung cancer [Thesis]. Stockholm, Sweden: Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institute; 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-007-9/thesis.pdf

Li X, Mutanen P, Hemminki K.  Gender-specific incidence trends in lung cancer by histological type in Sweden, 1958-1996.  Eur J Cancer Prev 2001;10:227-35.

Lindstrm M.  Social capital, social class and tobacco smoking.  Expert review of pharmacoeconomics and outcomes research 2008;8:81-9.

Lindström M.  Nicotine replacement therapy, professional therapy, snuff use and tobacco smoking: a study of smoking cessation strategies in southern Sweden.  Tob Control 2007;16:410-6.

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